Aristotle (384-322 BC) Greek philosopher and scientist, is one of the most outstanding philosophers of antiquity. Wrote among other trials, a summary of the doctrines of Pythagoras, of which a few excerpts have survived. These texts are based largely on the notes compiled and arranged by editors later. Among them are treatises on logic called Organon ("instrument") as they provide the means by which knowledge is to achieve positive.
In logic, developed rules to establish a chained reasoning that, if respected and if the reflection started from true premises (validity rules) does not produce false conclusions.) Reasoning, the basic links were syllogisms: propositions matched that, overall, provided a new conclusion. The most famous example, "All humans are mortal" and "All Greeks are human", it concludes that valid "All Greeks are mortal."
Science is the result of building systems increasingly complex reasoning. Distinguished between dialectic and analytic. The dialectic only tests opinions for their logical consistency. The analytic works deductively from principles resting on experience and a thorough inspection. This represents a break with the ideas of Plato, the dialectic was the only valid logical method, so effective in applied science and philosophy.
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